Costa Rica is making significant strides in marine conservation through an ambitious coral reef restoration project around Tortuga Island in the Gulf of Nicoya. Led by the State Distance University (UNED) and the National Learning Institute (INA), this initiative employs innovative techniques and community involvement to rehabilitate degraded coral ecosystems and promote sustainable tourism.

Project Overview: Coral Gardening for Ecosystem Revival

Between June and September 2024, over 1,050 coral fragments were cultivated and transplanted around Tortuga Island. This effort is part of the broader project titled “Feasibility of the Ecological Restoration of Coral Reefs in the Gulf of Nicoya through Coral Reef Gardening,” which aims to restore marine biodiversity and enhance the economic vitality of coastal communities.

The coral gardening methodology involves the use of specially designed structures—such as spider, clothesline, and tree formations—that are anchored to the seabed and suspended approximately 5 meters below the surface. These structures facilitate accelerated growth and increased resilience of the transplanted corals, enabling them to reach maturity in about one year, compared to the natural growth rate of 2.5 cm per year. 

Scientific Innovation and Environmental Significance

The project has successfully cultivated approximately 9,745.51 cm³ of coral, a promising indicator of ecosystem recovery. The favorable conditions around Tortuga Island—optimal pH levels, temperature, and dissolved oxygen—support the growth and survival of the corals.

Coral reefs are vital for marine biodiversity, providing habitat and food for numerous species, and serve as natural barriers protecting coastlines from erosion and storm damage. In Costa Rica, 77% of coral ecosystems face serious threats due to human activities such as sedimentation, pollution, and overexploitation. This restoration project represents a crucial step in mitigating these impacts and ensuring the health of marine ecosystems for future generations.

Community Engagement and Sustainable Tourism

A key component of the initiative is the active involvement of local communities. Residents are being trained in coral restoration techniques, fostering environmental awareness and providing practical skills that can be applied in conservation efforts and eco-tourism ventures. This community engagement aims to empower locals and promote sustainable practices that benefit both the environment and the economy.

The project also seeks to transform Tortuga Island into a model for sustainable tourism, attracting visitors interested in marine conservation and responsible travel. By showcasing successful restoration efforts, the initiative hopes to inspire similar projects and contribute to the broader goal of preserving Costa Rica's rich marine biodiversity.